State of the News Print Media in Australia: Footnotes
Footnote #1
Appendix 3, Notes and Bibliography contain additional details of participants.
Footnote #2
In some ways the present situation resembles the early days of TV when journalists were expected to simply adapt to the new medium. Specialised functions and separateness developed gradually.
Footnote #3
Australian Financial Review, 21.08.06.
Footnote #4
Audit Bureau definition—"a morning or evening daily newspaper published in other than a capital city not less than five days per week".
Footnote #5
The Australian Media Guide compiled by Margaret Gee is the best guide to extant titles
Footnote #6
Readership proportions were derived by comparing readership figures with the potential reading public, calculated by subtracting the 19.6 per cent aged 0-14 years from the national population of 20.5 million, making the comparison figure 16.48 million.
Footnote #7
State of the News Media 2004 p8.
Footnote #8
See Medianet web-site/News & Research/engagement.
Footnote #9
Reported in the Media section of The Australian, 18.05 06.
Footnote #10
Roy Morgan Research to June 2006, reported in the Media Section, The Australian, 17.08.06.
Footnote #11
E.Malthouse and B. Calder. Int. Jnl. Media Man. Vol 4, No 4, 2002.
Footnote #12
Coders were instructed to identify the dominant topic of the news report; for example, a report on the devastation of Hurricane Katrina would be an Accident/Emergency story while an accompanying article about the factors contributing to the US hurricane season would be a weather story. Similarly a technological development for a tsunami warning system would be a science story.
Footnote #13
Zawawi, Clara (1994), "Sources of news—who feeds the watchdogs". Aus Journalism Review, 16.1, 1994.
Footnote #14
See the Appendix 2 Methodology for details.
Footnote #15
MacLachlan G. & Reid I. Framing & Interpretation (1994) University College London Press p.56.
Footnote #16
One independent has since been sold to Fairfax.
Footnote #17
The "Opinion Leaders" sample was drawn from the "top end" of Roy Morgan Single Source - a well constructed Australia-wide sample of people of income $80,000+ or in the top occupational categories, and included booster samples from Henry Thornton Readers, Crikey Readers, Australian Institute of International Affairs Members, Marcus Oldham Associates, Davos Connection Associates and the Australian American Association members.
Footnote #18
See Notes and Bibliography for detail.
Footnote #19
ibid.
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]Footnote #20
Profiles of Journalism Education—what students are being offered in Australia, Duffield/Adams, 2005.
Footnote #21
States other than NSW use other acronyms such as OP scores in Queensland.
Footnote #22
Henningham J, Australian Journalism Review, Vol ,7 1985 & Vol 11, 1989. McKenzie Wark in Journalism Theory and Practice, Macleay Press 1998 reported him as saying that by the 90s, 35 per cent of journalists had a degree, a lower proportion than for other professions, which he puts at 60 per cent. "In the trend towards becoming a university educated workforce, journalism in Australia lags well behind the United States, where 82 per cent of journalists have a degree."
Footnote #23
The disappearing cadetship: trends in entry level journalism employment 1995-2005.